Display apparatus

ABSTRACT

A display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a gate line, a data line, a thin film transistor, a pixel electrode and a common electrode. The common electrode includes a shielding portion which overlaps one of the gate line and the data line. The second substrate includes an electrostatic preventing pattern. The electrostatic preventing pattern contacts the liquid crystal layer and overlaps the shielding portion.

This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No.10-2012-0038679 filed on Apr. 13, 2012, and all the benefits accruingtherefrom under 35 U.S.C. §119, the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The invention relates to a display apparatus. More particularly, theinvention relates to a display apparatus using a horizontal electricfield to display images.

2. Description of the Related Art

A liquid crystal display, which is most extensively used as a flat paneldisplay apparatus, includes two substrates and a liquid crystal layerinterposed between the two substrates. The liquid crystal displayapplies an electric field to the liquid crystal layer to rearrangeliquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer, and thus theamount of light passing through the liquid crystal layer is controlled.

The liquid crystal display is classified into a vertical electric fieldmode liquid crystal display and a horizontal electric field mode liquidcrystal display in accordance with the direction of the electric field.

The horizontal electric field mode liquid crystal display has beendeveloped since the vertical electric field mode liquid crystal displayhas disadvantages in viewing angle thereof. In detail, a plane-to-lineswitching mode liquid crystal display has been researched.

SUMMARY

One or more embodiments of the invention provides a display apparatuscapable of effectively discharging an external electrostatic field andimproving light transmittance.

One or more embodiments of the invention provide a display apparatusincluding a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystallayer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Thefirst substrate includes a gate line, a data line, a thin filmtransistor, a pixel electrode and a common electrode. The commonelectrode includes a shielding portion which overlaps one of the gateline and the data line. The second substrate includes an electrostaticpreventing pattern. The electrostatic preventing pattern contacts theliquid crystal layer and overlaps the shielding portion of the commonelectrode.

The electrostatic preventing pattern may be disposed corresponding tothe gate line and the data line. The shielding portion of the commonelectrode and the electrostatic preventing pattern each have alongitudinal axis, and a width taken perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis. The width of the shielding portion may be greater than the widthof the electrostatic preventing pattern.

The electrostatic preventing pattern may include a transparent electrodeand/or a metal material.

According to one or more embodiments of the invention, the displayapparatus discharges an external electrostatic field and has improvedlight transmittance using the electrostatic preventing pattern. Indetail, when the electrostatic preventing pattern is overlapped by theshielding portion of the common electrode, an intensity of thehorizontal electric field increases in the liquid crystal layer, andthus the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display may beimproved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other advantages of the invention will become readilyapparent by reference to the following detailed description whenconsidered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an exemplary embodimentof a display apparatus according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of an exemplaryembodiment of a display apparatus according to the invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-I′ of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing an intensity of a horizontal electric field asa function of positions in one pixel, relating to the presence orabsence of an electrostatic preventing pattern;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a transmittance of light passing through aliquid crystal layer as a function of positions in one pixel, relatingto the presence or absence of an electrostatic preventing pattern; and

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a transmittance of light passing through aliquid crystal layer as a function of positions in one pixel, where awidth of an electrostatic preventing pattern is greater and smaller thana width of a shielding part.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to asbeing “on,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, itcan be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element or layeror intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when anelement is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to”or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are nointervening elements or layers present. Like numbers refer to likeelements throughout. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any andall combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. maybe used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layersand/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/orsections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only usedto distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section fromanother region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component,region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a secondelement, component, region, layer or section without departing from theteachings of the invention.

Spatially relative terms, such as “lower,” “upper” and the like, may beused herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature'srelationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in thefigures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms areintended to encompass different orientations of the device in use oroperation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. Forexample, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements describedas “lower” relative to other elements or features would then be oriented“upper” relative to the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplaryterm “lower” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Thedevice may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at otherorientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used hereininterpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms, “a,” “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,”“comprising,” “includes” and/or “including” when used in thisspecification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps,operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps,operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Embodiments of the invention are described herein with reference tocross-section illustrations that are schematic illustrations ofidealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of the invention. Assuch, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, forexample, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to beexpected. Thus, embodiments of the invention should not be construed aslimited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but areto include deviations in shapes that result, for example, frommanufacturing.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will befurther understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly useddictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that isconsistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art andwill not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unlessexpressly so defined herein.

All methods described herein can be performed in a suitable order unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “suchas”), is intended merely to better illustrate the invention and does notpose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwiseclaimed. No language in the specification should be construed asindicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of theinvention as used herein.

Hereinafter, the invention will be explained in detail with reference tothe accompanying drawings.

According to the horizontal electric filed mode liquid crystal displaydifferent from the vertical electric field liquid crystal display, anexternal electrostatic field induced on the upper substrate of thehorizontal electric field mode liquid crystal display is not dischargedsince an electrode does not exist on the upper substrate of thehorizontal electric field mode liquid crystal display. As a result, thearrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules is undesirablychanged, so the image is distorted.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an exemplary embodimentof a display apparatus according to the invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a display apparatus 10 includes a first substrate100 including a pixel area PA, a second substrate 200 facing the firstsubstrate 100, and a liquid crystal layer LC disposed between the firstsubstrate 100 and the second substrate 200.

The display apparatus 10 includes a pixel. The pixel indicates a portionof the first substrate 100, the second substrate 200 and the liquidcrystal layer LC, which corresponds to the pixel area PA.

The first substrate 100 includes at least one thin film transistor, apixel electrode and a common electrode to drive liquid crystal moleculesof the liquid crystal layer LC. The second substrate 200 includes anelectrostatic preventing pattern.

The liquid crystal layer LC includes the liquid crystal molecules havingan anisotropic dielectric constant. When an electric field is generatedbetween the pixel electrode and the common electrode, the liquid crystalmolecules of the liquid crystal layer LC are rotated in a specificdirection. Accordingly, a light transmittance of the liquid crystallayer LC is controlled. In the liquid crystal layer LC, a horizontalelectric field is formed by voltages respectively applied to the pixelelectrode and the common electrode of the first substrate 100.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of an exemplaryembodiment of a display apparatus according to the invention, FIG. 3 isa cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is across-sectional view taken along line II-I′ of FIG. 2. In FIGS. 2 to 4,one pixel PX and a portion of pixels adjacent to the one pixel PX havebeen shown for the convenience of explanation.

Referring to FIGS. 2 to 4, the first substrate 100 includes a firstinsulating substrate INS1, a gate line GL, a data line DL, a thin filmtransistor TFT, a pixel electrode PE, and a common electrode CE.

The first insulating substrate INS1 may include a transparent insulatingmaterial.

The gate line GL is disposed on the first insulating substrate INS1 andhas a longitudinal axis which is extended in a first direction D1. Thedata line DL is disposed on the first insulating substrate INS1 and hasa longitudinal axis which is extended in a direction different from thefirst direction D1, such as being inclined with respect to the firstdirection D1. In detail, the data line DL may be extended in multipledirections, e.g., a second direction D2 and a third direction D3.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, a single one data line includes a firstportion having a longitudinal axis extending in the second direction D2and a second portion having a longitudinal axis extending in the thirddirection D3, such that the data line extends in both second and thirddirections D2 and D3. In FIG. 2, the data line DL is extended once ineach of the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 in an areabetween two gate lines adjacent to each other, but is not limitedthereto or thereby. That is, the data line DL may be extended in adirection substantially perpendicular, e.g., vertical in FIG. 2, to thefirst direction D1. A gate insulating layer 120 is disposed between thedata line DL and the gate line GL, and thus the data line DL and thegate line GL are insulated from each other by the gate insulating layer120.

In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of pixel areas PA may be definedby the gate line GL and the data line DL, and may be arranged in amatrix form, but the invention is not limited thereto or thereby.

The thin film transistor TFT includes a gate electrode 110, the gateinsulating layer 120, a semiconductor pattern 130, a source electrode140 and a drain electrode 150.

The gate electrode 110 is protruded from and continuous with the gateline GL. The gate electrode 110 is disposed on an upper surface of thefirst insulating substrate INS1.

The gate insulating layer 120 is disposed on the first insulatingsubstrate INS1 to cover and overlap the gate electrode 110. The gateinsulating layer 120 may include an organic insulating material or aninorganic insulating material.

The semiconductor pattern 130 is disposed on the gate insulating layer120. The semiconductor pattern 130 faces the gate electrode 110, and thegate insulating layer 120 is between the semiconductor pattern 130 andthe gate electrode 110. When viewed in a plan view, the semiconductorpattern 130 is covered by (e.g., overlaps) the gate electrode 110. Thesemiconductor pattern 130 may include amorphous silicon, polysilicon oroxide semiconductor.

The source electrode 140 and the drain electrode 150 are disposed on thegate insulating layer 120 and on the semiconductor pattern 130. Thesource electrode 140 is branched from and continuous with the data lineDL. When viewed in a plan view, the source electrode 140 is overlappedwith a portion of the semiconductor pattern 130. The drain electrode 150is spaced apart from the source electrode 140 and overlapped with aremaining portion of the semiconductor pattern 130.

The pixel electrode PE is connected to the thin film transistor TFT. Indetail, the pixel electrode PE is physically and/or electricallyconnected to the drain electrode 150 to receive a data voltage from thedrain electrode 150. The pixel electrode PE is disposed corresponding tothe pixel area PA. As used herein, “corresponding” may indicate oneelement is substantially similar or the same in dimension and/orposition with respect to another element.

The common electrode CE is partially overlapped with the pixel electrodePE. The common electrode CE is provided with a plurality of slits SLextending through a thickness thereof, where material of the commonelectrode CE is absent. FIG. 2 shows the common electrode CE includingfive slits SL, but the number of the slits SL should not be limited tofive. In addition, the slits SL are spaced apart from each other atregular intervals and parallel to the data line DL, however the shape ofthe slits SL should not be limited thereto or thereby.

The common electrode CE includes a branch portion CE1 and a shieldingportion CE2.

The branch portion CE1 is disposed between two slits adjacent to eachother of the plurality of slits SL in the pixel area PA and overlappedwith the pixel electrode PE. The branch portion CE1 may be provided in aplural number. The number and shape of the branch portions aredetermined by the number and shape of the slits SL. FIG. 2 shows fourbranch portions CE1 arranged substantially parallel to the slits SL.

The shielding portion CE2 covers at least one of the gate line GL andthe data line DL when viewed in a plan view. FIG. 2 shows the shieldingportion CE2 that covers both the gate line GL and the data line DL. Theshielding portion CE2 further covers an edge portion of the pixel areaPA and is connected to an end portion of the branch portion CE1. Thebranch portion CE1 and the shielding portion CE2 may collectively form asingle, unitary, indivisible common electrode CE.

The shielding portion CE2 prevents an unnecessary electric field frombeing formed between the data line DL and the branch portion CE1, whichis caused by the signal applied to the data line DL. Similarly, theshielding portion CE2 prevents an unnecessary electric field from beingformed between the gate line GL and the branch portion CE1, which iscaused by the signal applied to the gate line GL.

The common electrode CE receives a common voltage different from thedata voltage received by the data line DL.

The common electrode CE is disposed on the pixel electrode PE and isinsulated from the pixel electrode PE. An insulating layer 160 isdisposed between the common electrode CE and the pixel electrode PE.

The second substrate 200 includes a second insulating substrate INS2, ablack matrix BM, a color filter layer CF, a planarization layer OC (alsoreferred to as an overcoat layer), and an electrostatic preventingpattern SE.

The second insulating substrate INK may include a transparent insulatingmaterial.

The black matrix BM is disposed on the second insulating substrate INS2.The black matrix BM covers at least one of the gate line GL, the dataline DL and the thin film transistor TFT when viewed in a plan view. Inaddition, the black matrix BM may cover all of the gate line GL, thedata line DL and the thin film transistor TFT when viewed in a planview. The black matrix BM allows a user not to perceive the gate lineGL, the data line DL and the thin film transistor TFT, and prevents alight leakage of an internal light.

The color filter layer CF is disposed on the second insulating substrateINS2. The color filter layer CF is disposed corresponding to the pixelarea PA so as to cover the pixel electrode PE.

In an exemplary embodiment, the color filter layer CF may have a red,green and/or blue color. The overcoat layer OC is disposed on the blackmatrix BM and the color filter layer CF. The overcoat layer OC mayinclude an insulating material to planarize a surface which includes astep difference formed the black matrix BM and the color filter layerCF.

The electrostatic preventing pattern SE is disposed on the overcoatlayer OC and contacts the liquid crystal layer LC. The electrostaticpreventing pattern SE is disposed corresponding to the gate line GL andthe data line DL, so that the electrostatic preventing pattern SE has alattice shape in the plan view.

The electrostatic preventing pattern SE may be covered by the shieldingportion CE2 when viewed in a plan view. Thus, the shielding portion CE2has a width greater than a width of the electrostatic preventing patternSE in fourth and fifth directions D4 and D5, which are respectivelyperpendicular to the second and third directions D2 and D3 in which thedata line DL is extended. In detail, in the area in which the data lineDL is extended in the second direction D2, the width W1 of the shieldingportion CE2 in the fourth direction D4 is greater than the width W2 ofthe electrostatic preventing pattern SE in the fourth direction D4.Similarly, in the area in which the data line DL is extended in thethird direction D3, the width W3 of the shielding portion CE2 in thefifth direction D5 is greater than the width W4 of the electrostaticpreventing pattern SE in the fifth direction D5.

In addition, the width W5 of the shielding portion CE2 is greater thanthe width W6 of the electrostatic preventing pattern SE in a sixthdirection D6 perpendicular to the first direction D1 in which the gateline GL is extended.

The electrostatic preventing pattern SE may be spaced apart from thepixel electrode PE when viewed in a plan view. Accordingly, although theelectrostatic preventing pattern SE exists, the transmittance of theinternal light of the display apparatus is not lowered since theelectrostatic preventing pattern SE does not overlap the pixel electrodePE.

The electrostatic preventing pattern SE may be applied with the samevoltage as the common voltage applied to the common electrode CE.Although not shown in figures, the display apparatus 10 further includesa connection spacer to physically and/or electrically connect the firstsubstrate 100 and the electrostatic preventing pattern SE, such that theelectrostatic preventing pattern SE receives the common voltage from thefirst substrate 100 through the connection spacer. Therefore, forming ofan unnecessary electric field between the electrostatic preventingpattern SE and the common electrode CE may be reduced or effectivelyprevented.

The electrostatic preventing pattern SE may include a transparentconductive material, such as indium tin oxide (“ITO”), indium zinc oxide(“IZO”), indium tin zinc oxide (“ITZO”), etc., but is not limitedthereto or thereby.

In an exemplary embodiment, the electrostatic preventing pattern SE mayinclude a metal material. In this case, the electrostatic preventingpattern SE is covered by the black matrix BM when viewed in a plan viewin order to reduce or effectively prevent lowering of the transmittanceby the electrostatic preventing pattern SE including the metal material.

While the electrostatic preventing pattern SE is illustrated as a singlelayer structure, the structure is not limited thereto or thereby. In analternative exemplary embodiment, the electrostatic preventing patternSE may have a multi-layer structure including a metal layer and atransparent electrode layer.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing an intensity of a horizontal electric field asa function of positions in one pixel, with respect to the presence of anelectrostatic preventing pattern (line AA) or the absence of anelectrostatic preventing pattern (line BB). FIG. 6 is a graph showing atransmittance of light passing through a liquid crystal layer as afunction of positions in one pixel, with respect to the presence of anelectrostatic preventing pattern (line AA) or the absence of anelectrostatic preventing pattern (line BB). In FIGS. 5 and 6, an x-axiscorresponds to a straight line crossing a center of the one pixel andparallel to the gate line.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 5, and 6, the intensity of the horizontal electricfield at the edge portion of the pixel is greater when the electrostaticpreventing pattern SE exists (line AA) than the intensity when theelectrostatic preventing pattern SE does not exist (line BB). Thisincrease in intensity is due to the electrostatic preventing pattern SEdisposed adjacent to the edge portion of the pixel, such that theelectric field is formed between the electrostatic preventing pattern SEand the pixel electrode PE in a diagonal direction, and the electricfield in the diagonal direction has a horizontal component electricfield stronger than a vertical component electric field.

In addition, when the horizontal electric field becomes larger in theedge portion of the pixel, the light transmittance of the liquid crystallayer becomes larger. This increase in light transmittance is due toliquid crystal molecules rotating more by the horizontal electric fieldwhen the intensity of the horizontal electric field becomes relativelylarger in a portion of the liquid crystal layer than that in adjacentportions thereto.

According to the experimental results illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, whenthe electrostatic preventing pattern SE is disposed corresponding to theblack matrix BM, the light transmittance of the liquid crystal layer maybe improved by about 3% to about 5% in comparison when no electrostaticpreventing pattern SE exists.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a transmittance of light passing through aliquid crystal layer as a function of positions in one pixel, where awidth of an electrostatic preventing pattern is greater (line CC) andsmaller (line DD) than a width of a shielding portion of the commonelectrode. FIG. 7 shows the transmittance when the shielding portion hasthe width of about 10.5 micrometers and the electrostatic preventingpattern has the width of about 6 micrometers (line DD) and when theshielding portion has the width of about 10.5 micrometers and theelectrostatic preventing pattern has the width of about 12 micrometers(line CC).

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 7, the light transmittance of the liquidcrystal layer is greater by about 3.1% when the width of theelectrostatic preventing pattern SE is about 6 micrometers (line DD)than when the width of the electrostatic preventing pattern SE is about12 micrometers (line CC). This increase in light transmittance is due tothe intensity of the vertical electric field formed between theelectrostatic preventing pattern SE and the pixel electrode PE becominglarge as the width of the electrostatic preventing pattern SE increases.Thus, it is preferred that the width of the electrostatic preventingpattern SE is smaller than the width of the shielding portion CE2 of thecommon electrode CE and the electrostatic preventing pattern SE iscovered by the shielding portion CE2 when viewed in a plan view. Inaddition, as the size of the one pixel decreases, the influence of theelectric field formed by the electrostatic preventing pattern SE and thepixel electrode PE becomes large.

Although the exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described,it is understood that the invention should not be limited to theseexemplary embodiments but various changes and modifications can be madeby one ordinary skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of theinvention as hereinafter claimed.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display apparatus comprising: a first substratecomprising: a gate line; a data line which is insulated from the gateline and crosses the gate line; a thin film transistor which isconnected to the gate line and the data line; a pixel electrode which isconnected to the thin film transistor; and a common electrode whichoverlaps the pixel electrode and comprises a shielding portion, whereinthe shielding portion overlaps one of the gate line and the data line ina plan view; a second substrate which faces the first substrate; and aliquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the secondsubstrate, wherein the second substrate comprises an electrostaticpreventing pattern which contacts the liquid crystal layer and overlapsthe shielding portion of the common electrode, in the plan view.
 2. Thedisplay apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pixel electrode and the commonelectrode receive voltages which form a horizontal electric field in theliquid crystal layer.
 3. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein thecommon electrode comprises a plurality of slits.
 4. The displayapparatus of claim 3, wherein the common electrode further comprises abranch portion which is between adjacent slits among the plurality ofslits, and overlaps the pixel electrode.
 5. The display apparatus ofclaim 4, further comprising a pixel area, wherein the shielding portionof the common electrode overlaps an edge portion of the pixel area, andoverlaps the gate line and the data line, in the plan view, and theshielding portion is connected to an end portion of the branch portion.6. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrostaticpreventing pattern corresponds to the gate line and the data line. 7.The display apparatus of claim 6, wherein the shielding portion of thecommon electrode and the electrostatic preventing pattern each have alongitudinal axis, and a width taken perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis, and the width of the shielding portion is greater than the widthof the electrostatic preventing pattern.
 8. The display apparatus ofclaim 7, wherein the electrostatic preventing pattern is spaced apartfrom the pixel electrode in the plan view.
 9. The display apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the common electrode is on the pixel electrode andinsulated from the pixel electrode.
 10. The display apparatus of claim1, wherein the common electrode and the electrostatic preventing patternreceive a same voltage.
 11. The display apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe second substrate further comprises: an insulating substrate; a blackmatrix on the insulating substrate, wherein the black matrix overlapsone of the gate line, the data line and the thin film transistor, in theplan view; a color filter layer on the insulating substrate, wherein thecolor filter layer overlaps the pixel electrode in the plan view; and anovercoat layer on the black matrix and the color filter layer, whereinthe electrostatic preventing pattern is on the overcoat layer.
 12. Thedisplay apparatus of claim 11, wherein the electrostatic preventingpattern comprises a transparent electrode.
 13. The display apparatus ofclaim 11, wherein the electrostatic preventing pattern comprises a metalmaterial.
 14. The display apparatus of claim 13, wherein theelectrostatic preventing pattern overlaps the black matrix in the planview.
 15. The display apparatus of claim 11, wherein the electrostaticpreventing pattern comprises a plurality of layers.
 16. The displayapparatus of claim 15, wherein the electrostatic preventing patterncomprises a metal layer and a transparent electrode layer.